Artists like Cathy Berberian, known for her work with composer Luciano Berio, have been pioneers in vocal experimentation, which includes extreme scat. Berberian's performances often involved vocal acrobatics that blurred the line between singing and speaking, and her work laid the groundwork for future vocal experimentation. A notable example of avant-garde extreme scat can be found in the works of vocalist and composer, Diamanda Galás. Her performance art and music challenge listeners with their intense emotional depth and vocal extremity. Galás's work embodies the essence of avant-garde scat, pushing the boundaries of vocal performance and challenging societal norms.