Dependence R2, also known as Distance Correlation R2 or D-R2, is a statistical measure that extends the traditional R2 concept to non-linear relationships. It was introduced by Gábor J. Székely and Maria L. Rizzo in 2009. Dependence R2 assesses the strength of the relationship between two variables, X and Y, by quantifying the proportion of the variance in Y that can be explained by X, regardless of the relationship being linear or non-linear.