The first Malayalam film, "Balan," was released in 1938, marking the beginning of Malayalam cinema. The early years of Malayalam cinema were marked by the dominance of social and mythological films, which were often based on traditional Kerala stories and folklore. The 1950s and 1960s saw the emergence of a new wave of filmmakers who focused on realistic and socially relevant themes, such as poverty, inequality, and social injustice. This period also witnessed the rise of stars like Sathyan and Madhu, who became iconic figures in Malayalam cinema.