One of the key concepts explored in "Explaining Pain" is the biopsychosocial model of pain. This approach recognizes that pain is not solely a biological phenomenon, but rather a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors. Butler argues that pain is not just a reflection of tissue damage, but also influenced by an individual's emotional state, cognitive processes, and social environment. By adopting this model, healthcare professionals can develop more effective treatment strategies that address the whole person, not just the physical symptoms.