Previous studies have highlighted the importance of IFE systems in enhancing passenger satisfaction and loyalty (Kwak & Kim, 2013; Kim et al., 2015). The content offered by IFE systems has been identified as a critical factor in passenger satisfaction, with passengers expecting a diverse range of options (Hwang & Hyun, 2015). The user interface of IFE systems has also been found to impact passenger satisfaction, with passengers preferring intuitive and easy-to-use systems (Lee et al., 2016).
